Innovations during the Corona Crisis through external Interventions in Tourism Companies

This paper examines how external interventions, in the form of research and/or science communication, can act as mediators for innovation in times of crisis in the tourism industry. Based on three case studies, it discusses the extent to which the Corona crisis could represent a window of opportunity for innovative business models in tourism. The project results prove that crises and scientific communication can act as push factors to promote innovation;however, the project partners did develop innovations during the project period but increasingly postponed its implementation to an indefinite future. Furthermore, the associated return to the status quo meant that the innovations triggered remained largely at a conceptual level. This points to an attitude-behavior gap regarding the creation and implementation of innovations in times of crisis.

Trends and disparities in diabetes among adults in the United States, 1999-2018

Introduction: Diabetes (DM) increases cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality and the risk of severe complications/death among patients with COVID-19. We aimed to estimate the trends of DM over time among adults in the US. Hypothesis: We anticipated an increase in DM and persistent disparities by racial/ethnic and socioecnomic subgroups from 1999 to 2018. Methods: Data were from a nationally representative sample of US adults (≥20 years;NHANES 1999-2018). Diagnosed DM was defined as a self-reported previous diagnosis of DM by a physician or any other health professionals (other than during pregnancy). Undiagnosed DM was defined as elevated levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG≥126 mg/dL) or HbA1c (≥6.5%). Total DM included those who had either diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes. Prediabetes was defined as no DM but a HbA1c level of 5.7%-6.4% or an FPG level of 100 mg/dL-125 mg/dL. All estimates were agest and ardized to the 2010 US census population for age groups 20-44, 45-64, and 65+ years. All analyses accounted for the complex survey design. Logistic regressions were conducted to calculate a P-value for trend. Results: Our sample included 53,533 US adults. From 1999 to 2018, the age-adjusted prevalence of total DM increased significantly from 9.05% (95% CI, 7.80%-10.2%) to 13.9% (95% CI,12.5%-15.4%) and the prevalence of prediabetes increased from 22.5% (20%-25.2%) to 40.2%(37.4%-43.1%) (P-trends<0.001). The rate of increase in prevalence was higher among MexicanAmericans but lower among non-Hispanic black individuals compared to non-Hispanic whiteindividuals (all P-trends<0.01, P-interaction=0.003). Trends in total DM by education and incomelevels were similar to the overall trend but disparities persisted between low-and high-socioeconomic groups (all P-trends<0.001, P-interaction>0.05) ( Figure 1 ). Conclusions: The prevalence of DM increased significantly from 1999 to 2018 among US adults.There are substantial and persistent disparities between racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups.

Interrupted dreams: memories and emotions of travel experiences during COVID-19 breakthrough

This work aims to understand the experiences of tourists who traveled during the Covid-19 breakthrough, exploring the emotions and memories of in a chronological context of the trip. The method is qualitative, based on 21 in-depth interviews with Brazilian tourists who started trips between January and March 2020, contemplating experiences in every continent of the world. The data analysis data was based on grounded theory, through open, axial and selective coding. The results demonstrate the particularities experienced in travel experiences during the pandemic, with emotions that permeate happiness, fear, frustration, tension and relief. Still, it discusses how tourists got involved with travel planning, were pressured socially and made risk assessments before traveling. During the trip, unexpected experiences generated the transfiguration of the trip previously planned, the precarious service and helplessness, as well as self-protection behavior (or not) were listed. Finally, tourists reflected on the trip and its consequences. The contributions involve the classification of studies on tourism and Covid-19, and the proposal of a theoretical framework which discusses the emotions and memories of travelers before, during and after the travel experience.